The European Central Bank (ECB) selected 36 banks and payment firms to join a pilot of the digital euro starting in the second half of next year as it prepares the central bank digital currency (CBDC) for potential issuance in 2029.
The group, selected from among 50 applicants, includes Adyen, Deutsche Bank, Revolut, SumUp, UniCredit and Worldline, the ECB said on its website.
While legislation enabling the currency has yet to be finalized, the central bank is pushing forward with the project because it sees adoption of private dollar-backed stablecoins such as Tether's USDT and Circle Internet's USDC as a threat to Europe’s monetary autonomy.
The 12-month pilot will test a beta version of the digital euro across the ECB and 19 euro-area national central banks. It will cover online and offline transfers between individuals, in-store payments and e-commerce purchases.
Although it won't have legal status, the currency will be close to the design set out in draft European Union legislation. The ECB’s staff, along with employees of national central banks, will act as consumers. Selected restaurants, cafeterias and online merchants will accept payments during the pilot.
CBDCs have engendered opposition from some quarters. Privacy advocates are concerned that their transactions can be monitored and that the central bank could simply block their access to the currency. Reflecting those concerns, in the U.S., a law took effect last month barring the Federal Reserve from creating or issuing a digital dollar through Dec. 31, 2030.
In contrast, the European project moves into operational testing as EU lawmakers work on the legislation required for issuance. A European Parliament committee advanced the proposed legal framework last month.
The final decision on whether to proceed with a digital euro requires the legislation to pass and a separate decision from the ECB Governing Council. The ECB has said it could be ready for a possible issuance in 2029.